I frequently lose my place when reading or have to re-read lines

Letters or words appear to move, blur, or swap around when I read

Reading aloud is difficult or embarrassing for me

After reading a page, I often realize I haven't taken in the content

My spelling is poor or inconsistent, even for common words

I reverse or confuse similar-looking letters (e.g. b/d, p/q, m/n)

My written work does not reflect the quality of my ideas — I express myself much better verbally

Writing takes me much longer than reading and is more tiring

I make many errors when copying text, even when I can clearly see it

Sounding out unfamiliar words is very difficult for me

I frequently mispronounce words or use the wrong word (even though I know the right one)

I have difficulty with rhyming, word games, or tongue twisters

I find it hard to identify the individual sounds in words or to blend sounds together

Learning a foreign language has always been particularly difficult for me (especially reading/writing)

I have difficulty remembering sequences (e.g. alphabet order, days of week, months of year)

Following spoken instructions is difficult, especially when there are multiple steps

My short-term memory is poor — I forget what someone just said or what I just read

I confuse left and right, or have difficulty telling directions (e.g. north/south)

These reading or spelling difficulties have been present since childhood and have affected my education or career